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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:20.0pt'>大洋洲——澳大利亚</p>

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<p style='margin:0in;font-size:10.0pt;color:#767676'><span style='font-family:
Calibri'>2020</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>年</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>3</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>月</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>5</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>日</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.0pt;color:#767676'>17:00</p>

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<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>一、海陆位置及面积大小</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>大小：最小</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>口诀：亚非北南美，南极欧大洋</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image001.png" width=332
height=281 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;南极洲"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>二、经纬度位置</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>处于热带和南温带</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image002.png" width=412
height=312 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;120。&#10;北半球&#10;南半球&#10;E140。&#10;E&#10;160。&#10;E&#10;180。&#10;160。w"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>三、半球位置</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>跨东西南北半球</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>四、地理位置的重要性</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>亚洲与南北美洲之间船舶、飞机来去的水源、燃料、食物的供应站；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>海底电缆的交汇处</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>五、大洋洲的范围</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>一块大陆：澳大利亚大陆</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>四大岛屿：塔斯马尼亚岛、新西兰南、北二岛、新几内亚岛</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>三大群岛：美拉尼西亚、密克罗尼西亚、波利尼西亚</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'>岛屿成因：</h2>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image003.png" width=540
height=128></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

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<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:#0000CC'><span style='font-weight:bold' lang=en-US><span
  style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span style='font-weight:bold'
  lang=zh-CN>类型</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.4243in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:#0000CC'><span style='font-weight:bold' lang=en-US><span
  style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span style='font-weight:bold'
  lang=zh-CN>成因</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.3409in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:#0000CC'><span style='font-weight:bold' lang=en-US><span
  style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span style='font-weight:bold'
  lang=zh-CN>特点</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.6958in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:#0000CC'><span style='font-weight:bold' lang=en-US><span
  style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span></span><span style='font-weight:bold'
  lang=zh-CN>举例</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>大陆岛</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.4243in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>地壳陷落</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>或海面上升</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.3604in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>面积较大，岸线曲折，地势陡峻</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.9111in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>新几内亚岛、台湾岛(亚洲)</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>火山岛</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.4243in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>海底火山喷发</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>熔岩堆积</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.3604in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>面积较小，海拔较高，地势险峻</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.6569in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>夏威夷群岛</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>珊瑚岛</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.4437in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>温暖海域，珊瑚虫</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>遗体堆积</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.3409in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>地势低平,面积较小,多呈环状</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.7736in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>汤加群岛、大堡礁</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>沉积岛</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.4243in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>河水携带泥沙</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>在河口堆积而成</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.3409in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>地势低平</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.7736in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>崇明岛、长兴岛等</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image004.png" width=317
height=316 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;崇明岛"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:
bold'>注：</span>大陆岛：在分层设色地形图上，周围多有大陆架；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>珊瑚岛：水下为礁。若呈环状，中间为潟（xì）湖，有</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>缺口同大洋相通。湖内风平浪静，是船舶的优良避风港</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image005.png" width=337
height=216></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-style:
italic'>塑造珊瑚岛的主力军是珊瑚虫。珊瑚虫遗体堆积而成的海岛叫珊瑚岛。珊瑚岛主要分布在南北纬20°之间的热带浅海地区，以太平洋的浅海比较集中，如澳大利亚东北面的大堡礁。</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>六、大洋洲的居民及政治地图</h1>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span
lang=en-US>1</span><span lang=zh-CN>、居民</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>少数土著是属黄种人和黑种人，现多为欧裔白人，为世界人口最少的一洲</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span
lang=en-US>2</span><span lang=zh-CN>、政治地图</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>历史上为殖民地，现仍有岛屿被美、英、<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>法分别占领着。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>七、澳大利亚的自然地理环境</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>世界地势起伏最和缓的大陆</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image006.png" width=544
height=394
alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;澳大利亚地形&#10;西&#10;木沙沙奈山&#10;@艾尔斯巨石&#10;澳大利亚大盆地&#10;（大自流盆地）&#10;原．维多利疚大沙漠&#10;拉伯平原&#10;珀斯&#10;布里斯班&#10;悉尼&#10;培拉&#10;科阿斯科山&#10;塔马尼亚岛&#10;陆高与海深&#10;加00&#10;4000"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>以平原、高原为主，（东部为山地，中部为平原(多自流井），西部为高原(低矮200－1000m,面积约占全国一半)；地势东西两侧高，中间低，地形平坦，起伏较小。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'>知识拓展—潜水和承压水</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>澳大利亚大自流盆地——世界最大的自流盆地、最大的地下水分布区
。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image007.png" width=458
height=348
alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;〖思考〗1大自流盆地的自流井形成的原因是什么？&#10;（1)地质构造为向斜构造&#10;（2）地下水为承压水&#10;（3）地下水补给来自东部山地降水（4）井口低于承压水位&#10;隔水层&#10;地下水位&#10;自流井&#10;含水层&#10;隔水层&#10;平原上河流很少，但地下水丰富。在平原中部地势&#10;低的地区凿井，地下水可自动流出地面，成为自流井。"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image008.png" width=441
height=353
alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;分区浅，易&#10;地表以从处雨水和与补给开采，&#10;水下第一流问低地水区一致易污染&#10;（重力个水处&#10;水）层以上&#10;丛压力&#10;分区深，水&#10;与补给质，&#10;承水两处流水区不一流莖&#10;个水向压力&#10;致定&#10;（自流层之间小处"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>八、气候特征</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>①大部分地区气候炎热干燥</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>②气候、自然带呈半环状分布</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image009.png" width=341
height=341
alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;热带草原候&#10;南回归线&#10;热带沙漠气候&#10;带草原气候&#10;热带雨林&#10;气候&#10;地中海气候&#10;08千米&#10;温带海洋性气候&#10;澳大利亚气候分布图"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'>降水量</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>年降水量：自北、东、南三面向内陆逐渐减少，呈向西开口的半环状分布。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>大部分地区炎热干燥</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image010.png" width=285
height=228
alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;達爾文&#10;艾耳&#10;伯斯&#10;墨威粼&#10;(mm)&#10;1佤0&#10;一235。S&#10;布利斯班&#10;雪梨&#10;奥克蘭&#10;0&#10;5001000公里"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image011.png" width=479
height=305 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;」匕&#10;东南貢&#10;高气压&#10;降水少&#10;高气压&#10;降水多"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>地区</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>气候类型</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.1791in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>自然带</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.2145in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>形成原因</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>东北沿海</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>热带雨林气候</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.1791in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>热带雨林带</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.2187in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>东南信风的迎风坡，降水多；东澳大利亚暖流增温增湿</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>北部</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>热带草原气候</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.1791in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>热带草原带</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.4298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span lang=en-US>1</span><span lang=zh-CN>月：西北季风带来丰富降水，为湿季；</span><span
  lang=en-US>7</span><span lang=zh-CN>月：受东南信风影响，为干季</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>内陆和西北沿海</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>热带沙漠气候</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.1791in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>热带荒漠带</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.4298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>主要受副热带高气压带和来自大陆的东南信风控制，全年少雨；西北沿海又受西澳大利亚寒流降温减湿的影响</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>东部沿海</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>亚热带湿润气候</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.1791in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>亚热带常绿阔叶林带</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.2145in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>海陆热力性质差异和东澳大利亚暖流增温增湿的影响</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>南部和西南沿海</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>地中海气候</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.1791in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>亚热带常绿硬叶林带</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.2145in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>副热带高气压带和西风带的交替控制</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>塔斯马尼亚岛</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.0097in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>温带海洋性气候</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:1.1791in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>温带落叶阔叶林带</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.2145in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'>终年受西风影响</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>九、河流、湖泊特征</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>水文概况：河湖稀少</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>墨累河：澳大利亚最长河流，发源于大分水岭西侧，向西南注入印度洋，河口为地中海气候</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>艾尔湖：本洲最低处，湖面低于海平面16m</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image012.png" width=544
height=392 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;澳大利亚地形&#10;西．木沙沙漠牵山&#10;嗥．维多利丬@尺沙漠&#10;珀斯&#10;墨累河&#10;O悉尼&#10;布里斯&#10;陽与海&#10;塔马尼业岛"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>十、生物</h1>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'>（1）植被呈半环状分布</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>外半环森林—中半环草原—内部西部荒漠</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image013.png" width=596
height=197 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;沿南回归线从东部沿海到内陆的植被变化"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>植物以适应广泛的桉树为主，现已作为生产乙醇汽油的主要原料。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>澳大利亚的植物有12000种以上，其中四分之三是特有种。澳大利亚的桉树适应性强，有良好的的吸水能力，在荒漠和沼泽里均可生长。桉树生长迅速，木质坚硬，叶子可制桉油，经济价值较高</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'>（2）古老的动物</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>被誉为：“<span
style='color:red'>世界活化石博物馆</span>”</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>特点：动物种类具有古老性和独特性</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>①海陆位置孤立、隔绝，阻隔了生物的传播。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>②无大型的肉食动物,天敌少，生存竞争小。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>③地壳比较稳定，自然条件比较单一且变化不大，生物进化速度缓慢。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>④人类开发较晚，对古老动物影响小。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>十一、澳大利亚的人文地理环境</h1>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>1、澳大利亚的人口与城市</h2>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>东南沿海人口稠密</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>气候条件——</span><span
lang=en-US>&gt;</span><span lang=zh-CN>气候温暖湿润，适宜居住</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>交通条件——</span><span
lang=en-US>&gt;</span><span lang=zh-CN>东南沿海多良港，对外交通便利</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>历史和经济——</span><span
lang=en-US>&gt;</span><span lang=zh-CN>英国移民首先到达这里，开发时间早，经济较发达</span></p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>其他地区人口稀少</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>广大内陆、西部地区——</span><span
lang=en-US>&gt;</span><span lang=zh-CN>气候干旱，多为荒漠</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>东北部沿海——</span><span
lang=en-US>&gt;</span><span lang=zh-CN>气候湿热，原始热带雨林</span></p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>主要城市</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>堪培拉（首都）；悉尼（最大城市、港口）；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>墨尔本（第二大城市）；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>珀斯（西南部,地中海气候）</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image014.png" width=365
height=364
alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;澳大利亚人口、城市分布&#10;达尔文&#10;凯恩斯&#10;斯维尔&#10;00000&#10;斯&#10;阿德&#10;人口密度&#10;〈每平方千米人口数）&#10;01人以上口1一10人&#10;口10一1人口1人以下&#10;巴特"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>十二、经济</h1>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>经济——“骑在羊背上”和“坐在矿车上”的国家</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span
lang=en-US>1.</span><span lang=zh-CN>农牧业</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>(1)
羊毛生产国和羊毛、小麦出口国。其羊毛产量(占世界的1/4)、出口量(占世界1/2以上)，均居世界第一，使澳大利亚成为“骑在羊背上的国家”。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>(2)农业地域类型——大牧场放牧业、混合农业</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>澳大利亚发展畜牧业的利条件</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>①地形平坦，草场广阔；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>②降水较少，冬季温和；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>③地下水丰富；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>④没有大型野生食肉动物；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>⑤牧草优良，且可四季露天围栏放牧；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>⑥地域辽阔，人口密度小，能提供大面积低成本土地。
</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>主要牧区</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>①粗放牧羊带（亚热带草原为主）；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>②粗放牧牛带（热带草原为主）；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>③绵羊与小麦混合经营带——东南部（墨累－达令盆地）和西南部，主要是地中海和草原气候区；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>④羊、牛与经济作物混合经营带——东南部和西南部，主要是亚热带湿润气候区和地中海气候区。</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>特点</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>农场规模大；机械化水平高；生产技术和管理水平先进</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>澳大利亚的混合农业
</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>(1)分布：澳东南部和西南部的草原地区（东南部墨累—达令盆地是主要小麦—牧羊带）。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>(2)经营方式：种麦牧羊相混合。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>(3)特点：家庭农场，规模大，机械化、科技水平高</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>墨累—达令盆地发展混合农业的区位优势</h3>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>区位</span></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>因素</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.0847in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>区位优势</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>自然因素</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>土地</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.0847in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>地势平坦，土壤肥沃</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>水源</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.1131in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>灌溉条件好(河水，东水西调)</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1493in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>社会经济因素</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>人口</span></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>密度</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.0798in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>地广人稀，生产规模大</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>交通</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.2166in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>交通发达(靠近公路，距海港近)</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>市场</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.1131in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>有固定的销售市场(国际市场)</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>科技</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.0847in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>机械化程度高</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:red'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>政策</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.0847in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>政府政策扶持鼓励</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="大洋洲——澳大利亚.files/image015.png" width=355
height=286 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;秋种&#10;小犁地播种&#10;绵牧场&#10;，冬长&#10;生长&#10;配羊&#10;羊放牧&#10;春收&#10;收割&#10;麦田&#10;放牧"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>墨累—达令盆地混合农业的优点：</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>①农场成为一个良性的农业生态系统。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>②农民可有效利用时间忙闲错开安排农业活动。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>③农业生产具有很大的灵活性和对市场的适应性。农民可根据市场需求决定多种小麦还是多牧羊</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>墨累—达令盆地农业生产面临的问题</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>灌溉水源不足（农牧业限制性条件）</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>①灌溉水源不足的原因：</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>A.处于大分水岭雨影区，降水很少；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>B．达令河水量季节变化大（雨季暴涨干季断流）；墨累河断流少，但枯水期河水很浅；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>C．地下水丰富但盐度高，不适合农业灌溉。 </p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>②缓解水源不足的措施：</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>东水西调。与墨累河仅一山之隔的雪河水量很丰富，夏季水位上涨，河水便顺坡奔流入海。为了改变墨累河缺水状况，澳大利亚政府制定了雪山水利计划，把雪河的水通过水库、抽水站、输出管等设施调到了墨累—达令盆地，有效地解决了盆地发展农业生产水源不足问题。</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>分析淡水资源的调入对墨累河流域经济和生态产生的有利影响？</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>经济：</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>缓解西部地区农业用水紧张局面，促进农业的发展。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>生态：</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>缓解土地荒漠化压力，有利于保护生态环境。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

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<p style='margin:0in'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='text-align:left;margin:0in;font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;
color:#969696;direction:ltr'>已使用 Microsoft OneNote 2016 创建。</p>

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